Infertility

 
Infertility is often misinterpreted as an irreversible, permanent loss of fertility in both male and female partners. This is however not often the case - many couples who think they are infertile are only subfertile and can successfully conceive with the help of appropriate technologies. While infertility is often thought to be the primary 'fault' of the female, only 40% of infertility is caused directly by the woman; 35-40% are also caused directly by male factor infertility. Another 10-20% are caused by the combination of subfertile males and females.

There are various types of infertility that cover a wide range of problems regarding child conception. The term infertile itself refers to the lack of a successful pregnancy after one year of unprotected sex. Primary infertility refers to infertility without a previous pregnancy, whereas secondary infertility concerns infertility after a previous pregnancy. In the rare case that an individual is sterile, they have no chance of conceiving whatsoever.

If the fertility of both partners is marginal, then together they create a 'subfertile' environment which contributes to their problems in conceiving a child. However, if one partner has exceptionally strong fertility, the couple can still conceive. In most couples off of birth control engaging in unprotected intercourse, 25% will become pregnant within one month, with 85% becoming pregnant within one year.

Causes of Infertility

The causes of male and female infertility are diverse and extensive. Male factors contributing to the problem include a lack in quality and quantity of sperm. Female issues may include hormonal disturbances which can prevent ovulation and/or impede the transport of egg and sperm. In both men and women, increasing age is also a prominent factor in causing infertility.

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